Authors
note: This assumes you didn’t properly install an effective disconnect that
separates your electrical system from the power company’s electrical system. WEEK 8/10/2014
SUBELEMENT G2 -
OPERATING PROCEDURES [6 Exam Questions - 6 Groups]
q
The expression "CQ DX" usually indicates the
caller is looking for any station outside his or her own country.
q
The recommended way to break into a
conversation when using phone is to say your call sign during a break
between transmissions from the other stations.
q
Single-Sideband (SSB) mode of voice
communication is most commonly used on the High Frequency Amateur bands.
q
Single sideband (SSB) voice mode is a form of
amplitude modulation in which one sideband and the carrier are suppressed.
q
In single sideband (SSB) voice mode, only one
sideband is transmitted. The
other sideband and carrier are suppressed in single sideband (SSB) voice
mode.
q
Less bandwidth, used and high power
efficiency is an advantage when using single sideband as compared to other
voice modes on the HF amateur bands.
q
Upper Sideband is most commonly used for
phone communications on the bands above 20 meters.
q
Lower Sideband is commonly used on the 160,
75, and 40-meter bands.
q
Upper Sideband is commonly used in the VHF
and UHF bands.
q
Upper Sideband mode is most commonly used for
voice communications on the 17 and 12-meter bands.
q
Most amateur stations use lower sideband on
the 160, 75 and 40-meter bands because it is the current amateur practice to
use lower sideband on these frequency bands.
q
VOX allows "hands free" operation
q
The following user adjustable controls are
usually associated with VOX circuitry: o
Anti-VOX o
VOX Delay o
VOX Sensitivity
[All of these choices are correct]
q
If the frequency on which a net normally
meets is in use just before the net begins, the proper course of action that
should be taken is to ask the stations if the net may use the frequency, or
move the net to a nearby clear frequency if necessary.
q
If a net is about to begin on a frequency you
and another station are using, move to a different frequency as a courtesy
to the net.
q
Move your contact to another frequency if you
notice increasing interference from other activity on a frequency you are
using.
q
The minimum frequency separation between CW
signals to minimize interference is 150 to 500 Hz.
q
The minimum frequency separation between SSB
signals to minimize interference is approximately 3 kHz.
q
The minimum frequency separation between 170
Hz shift RTTY signals to minimize interference is 250 to 500 Hz.
q
A practical way to avoid harmful interference
when selecting a frequency to call CQ using phone is to ask if the frequency
is in use, say your callsign, and listen for a response.
q
A practical way to avoid harmful interference
when calling CQ using Morse code or CW is by sending "QRL? de" followed by
your callsign and listen for a response.
q
A band plan is a voluntary guideline for band
use beyond the divisions established by the FCC.
q
The “DX window” in a voluntary band plan is a
portion of the band that should not be used for contacts between stations
within the 48 contiguous United States.
q
When choosing a frequency for Slow-Scan TV
(SSTV) operation, you should follow generally accepted band plans for SSTV
operation in order to comply with good amateur practice when choosing a
frequency for Slow-Scan TV (SSTV) operation.
q
When choosing a frequency for radio-teletype
(RTTY) operation, you should follow generally accepted band plans for RTTY
operation in order to comply with good amateur practice
q
When choosing a frequency for HF PSK
operation, you should follow generally accepted band plans for PSK operation
in order to comply with good amateur practice.
q
When normal communications systems are not
available, an amateur station may use any means of radiocommunication at its
disposal to provide essential communications when there is an immediate
threat to the safety of human life or the protection of property. [97.403]
q
Only a person holding an FCC issued amateur
operator license may be the control operator of an amateur station
transmitting in RACES to assist relief operations during a disaster.
[97.407(a)]
q
When the President’s War Emergency Powers
have been invoked, the FCC may restrict normal frequency operations of
amateur stations participating in RACES. [97.407(b)]
q
An amateur station is NEVER prevented from
using any means at its disposal to assist another station in distress.
[97.405(b)]
q
A control operator would be making an
unidentified transmission when transmitting out of the amateur band without
station identification during a life-threatening emergency. [97.403]
q
Any frequency authorized to the control
operator may be used by an amateur station to obtain assistance when in
distress. [97.405(a)]
q
The first thing you should do if you are
communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress
break in is to acknowledge the station in distress and determine what
assistance may be needed.
q
You are never prohibited from helping any
station in distress. [97.405(b)]
q
An amateur station may make transmissions
necessary to meet essential communications needs and to facilitate relief
actions during a disaster. [97.111(a)(2)]
q
Any and/or all emission modes may be used to
obtain assistance during a disaster.
q
The location and nature of the emergency
should be given to a station answering a distress transmission.
q
Whatever frequency has the best chance of
communicating the distress message should be used to send a distress call.
q
A unidirectional antenna HF antenna would be the best to use for
minimizing interference.
q
The Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC are amateur
volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules
violations.
q
The objectives of the Amateur Auxiliary are
to encourage amateur selfregulation and compliance with the rules.
q
Direction-finding skills used to locate
stations violating FCC Rules, learned during “Fox Hunts”, are of help to the
Amateur Auxiliary.
q
An azimuthal projection map is a world map
projection centered on a particular location.
q
An Azimuthal projection type of map is the
most useful when orienting a directional HF antenna toward a distant
station.
q
A directional antenna is pointed 180 degrees
from its short-path heading when making a “long-path” contact with another
station.
q
Many amateurs keep a log even though the FCC
does not require it to help with a reply if the FCC requests information on
who was control operator of your station at a given date and time.
q
The following information is traditionally
contained in a station log:
o
Date and time of contact
o
Band and/or frequency of the contact
o
Call sign of station contacted and the signal report given
[All of these choices are correct]
q
QRP operation is low power transmit
operation, typically about 5 watts or
less.
q
A licensee must retain antenna gain
calculations or manufacturer's data for antennas used on 60 meters as part
of their station records. [97.103b]
q
If you are using other than a dipole antenna,
you must keep a record of the gain of your antenna when operating in the
60-meter band as required by the FCC rules.
[97.303s]
q
The abbreviation "RTTY" stands for
Radio-Teletype.
q
The abbreviation "MFSK" stands for Multi (or
Multiple) Frequency Shift Keying.
q
Lower-sideband (LSB) mode should be selected
when using a SSB transmitter with an Audio Frequency Shift Keying (AFSK)
RTTY signal.
q
The number of data bits sent in a single
PSK31 character varies.
q
The Header part of a data packet contains the
routing and handling information.
q
The 14.070 - 14.100 MHz portion of the
20-meter band segments is most often used for most data transmissions.
q
Baudot RTTY may be described as a 5-bit code,
with additional start and stop bits.
q
The most common frequency shift for RTTY
emissions in the amateur HF bands is 170 Hz.
q
The 3570 – 3600 kHz segment of the 80-meter
band is most commonly used for data transmissions.
q
PSK signals are generally found on the
20-meter band around 14.070 MHz.
q
A major advantage of MFSK16 compared to other
digital modes is that it offers good performance in weak signal environment
without error correction.
q
The speed at which the CQ was sent is the
best speed to use answering a CQ in Morse Code.
q
The term “zero beat” means matching the
frequency of the transmitting station in CW operation.
q
If a CW station sends "QRS" when using Morse
code, you should send slower.
q
The Q signal "QSL" means, I acknowledge
receipt, when operating CW.
q
The Q signal "QRQ" means, Send faster, when
operating CW.
q
The Q signal “QRV” means, I am ready to
receive messages, when operating CW.
q
The prosign,
AR, is sent using CW to indicate
the end of a formal message.
q
When a CW operator sends "KN" at the end of a
transmission is means listening only for a specific station or stations.
q
When a CW operator sends "CL" at the end of a
transmission is means Closing station.
q
When sending CW, a “C” means a chirpy or
unstable signal when added to the RST report.
q
Full break-in telegraphy (QSK) occurs when incoming signals are received
between transmitted code character elements.
===============================================================================
G4 - AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES [5 Questions - 5 groups]
q
An oscilloscope may be used to measure the
output of a single-sideband transmitter when performing a two-tone test of
amplitude linearity.
q
Transmitter linearity performance is analyzed
by a two-tone test.
q
Two non-harmonically related audio signals
are used to conduct a two-tone test.
q
A pronounced dip on the plate current meter
reading of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier indicates correct adjustment of
the plate tuning control.
q
The correct adjustment for the "Load" or
"Coupling" control of a vacuum tube RF power amplifier is maximum power
output without exceeding maximum allowable plate current.
q
A technique called, Negative feedback, is
used to neutralize an RF amplifier.
q
A neutralizing circuit cancels the effects of
positive feedback in an RF amplifier.
q
The reason for neutralizing the final
amplifier stage of a transmitter is to eliminate self-oscillations.
q
One use for a DSP in an amateur station is to
remove noise from received signals.
q
The following is needed for a DSP IF filter:
o
An Analog to Digital Converter o
Digital to Analog Converter o
A Digital Processor Chip
[All of the these answers are correct]
q
An advantage of a receiver IF filter created
with a DSP as compared to an analog filter is a wide range of filter
bandwidths and shapes can be created.
q
DSP filtering is accomplished by converting
the signal from analog to digital and using digital processing.
q
A DSP filter performs automatic notching of
interfering carriers.
q
A
signal tracer may normally be used to identify an inoperative stage in a
receiver.
q
One measurement that can be made with a
dip meter is the resonant
frequency of a circuit.
q
An antenna and feedline must be connected to
an antenna analyzer when it is
being used for SWR measurements.
q
Standing Wave Ratio can be measured with a
directional wattmeter.
q
The power output of a transmitter must be
raised approximately 4 times
(~4X) to change the "S" meter reading on
a distant receiver from S8 to S9.
q
An oscilloscope has horizontal and vertical
channel amplifiers.
q
A monitoring oscilloscope is the best
instrument to use to check the keying waveform of a CW transmitter.
q
The signal connected to the vertical input of
a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal
is the attenuated RF output of the transmitter.
q
An advantage of an oscilloscope versus a
digital voltmeter is that complex waveforms can be measured.
q
An advantage of a digital voltmeter as
compared to an analog voltmeter is significantly better precision for most
uses.
q
High input impedance is desirable for a
voltmeter to decrease the loading on circuits being measured.
q
A noise bridge is normally connected between
a receiver and an antenna of unknown impedance and is adjusted for minimum
noise.
q
One way a noise bridge might be used is for
pre-tuning an antenna tuner.
q
A field-strength meter may be used to monitor
relative RF output when making antenna and transmitter adjustments.
q
The radiation pattern of an antenna can be
determined with a field strength meter.
q
A use of a field strength meter might be
close-in radio direction-finding.
q
A bypass capacitor might be useful in reducing RF
interference to audio-frequency devices.
q
An RFI filter at the affected telephone should be
installed if a properly operating amateur station is interfering with a nearby
telephone.
q
Distorted speech is heard from a public-address
system if there is interference from a nearby single-sideband phone transmitter.
q
On-and-off humming or clicking is the effect on a
public-address system if there is interference from nearby CW transmitter.
q
A reason to place ferrite beads around audio
cables to reduce common mode RF interference is they act as a series inductor.
q
Induced currents in conductors that are in poor
electrical contact can cause unintended rectification of RF signal energy and
can result in interference to your station as well as nearby radio and TV
receivers.
q
Arcing at a poor electrical connection is one
cause of broadband radio frequency interference at an amateur radio station.
q
If you receive an RF burn when touching your
equipment while transmitting on a HF band, assuming the equipment is connected
to a ground rod, the problem might be that the ground wire is resonant.
q
Important reasons to have a good station ground
are: o
To reduce the likelihood of RF burns o
To reduce the likelihood of electrical shock o
To reduce interference
[All of these answers are correct]
q
Keeping the station's ground wire as short as
possible is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in an amateur station.
q
RF hot spots can occur in a station located above
the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire.
q
Electrical safety inside the ham shack is covered
in the National Electrical Code.
q
A ground loop can be avoided by connecting all
ground conductors to a single point.
q
The reason for using a properly adjusted speech
processor with a single sideband phone transmitter is it improves signal
intelligibility at the receiver.
q
A speech processor increases the average power of
a transmitted single sideband signal.
q
Each of the following can be the result of an
incorrectly adjusted speech processor: o
Distorted speech o
Splatter
o
Excessive background pickup
[All of these answers are correct]
q
An S-meter measures the received signal strength.
q
Assuming a properly calibrated S meter, an
S-meter reading of 20 db over S-9 is 100 times stronger than an S-9 signal.
q
An S-meter is generally found in a receiver.
q
A Type-N connector is a moisture resistant RF
connector useful to 10 GHz.
q
A DB-9 type connector would be a good choice for
a serial data port.
q
An UHF type connector is commonly used for RF
service at frequencies up to 150 MHz.
q
An RCA Phono type connector is commonly used for
audio signals in amateur radio stations.
q
The main reason to use keyed connectors over
non-keyed types is reduced chance of damage due to incorrect mating.
q
All of the following emission types are
permissible while operating HF mobile: o
CW o
SSB o
FM
[All of these choices are correct]
An alternator whine is a tone or buzz in transmitted or
received audio that varies with engine speed.
q
A direct, fused connection to the battery using
heavy gauge wire, connection would be the best for a 100-watt HF mobile
installation.
q
It is NOT best to draw the DC power for a
100-watt HF transceiver from an automobile's cigarette lighter socket because
the socket's wiring may be inadequate for the current being drawn by the
transceiver.
q
The HF mobile antenna system most limits the
effectiveness of an HF mobile transceiver operating in the 75-meter band.
q
For an emergency generator installation, the
generator should be located in a well ventilated area.
q
A lead-acid storage battery might give off
explosive hydrogen gas when being charged.
q
Photovoltaic conversion is the name of the
process by which sunlight is changed directly into electricity.
q
The approximate open-circuit voltage from a
modern, well illuminated photovoltaic cell is 0.5 VDC.
q
Doped Silicon material is used as the active
element of a solar cell.
q
A disadvantage to using wind power as the primary
source of power for an emergency station is a large energy storage system is
needed to supply power when the wind is not blowing.
q
Danger of carbon monoxide poisoning is a primary
reason for not placing a gasoline-fueled generator inside an occupied area.
q
It may unwise to power your station by back
feeding the output of a gasoline generator into your house wiring by connecting
the generator through an AC wall outlet because it might present a hazard for
electric company workers.
Authors
note: This assumes you didn’t properly install an effective disconnect that
separates your electrical system from the power company’s electrical system.